Service Forester's Handbook

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====== Weight - Volume Relationships ======
====(1) Volume/Weight Relationship for Loblolly Sawlogs====
^Log Scaling Diam. Inches    ^Weight/MBF International 1/4" Rule |
|6                           |13,040                             |
|7                           |12,220                             |
|8                           |11,470                             |
|9                           |10,760                             |
|10                          |10,320                             |
|11                          |10,110                             |
|12                          |9,880                              |
|13                          |9,540                              |
|14                          |8,910                              |
|15                          |9,930                              |
|16                          |9,240                              |

(Average pine = 12,666 lbs/MBF)
(Koppers, Inc.)

(2) 
    Cubic foot volume of cordwood (D = average diameter)
    Solid volume of rough wood in Cu. Ft. = 4(D-6) 
    Stacked volume of rough wood in Cords = 4(D-6)/100
    Pulpwood stumpage value per tree = (4(D-6)/100) * price/cord
    Number of Trees/Standard Cord = 90/4(D-6)
    
====Weight-Cord-Cubic Foot Relationships====

Pine weight - volume conversion factors vary with species, age of stand, and distance from the coast. 
Thus local conversion factors should be developed for each procurement area. Illustrative of the 
variations existing are the average estimated weights per 128-cubic foot cord for the major pine type 
groups:

^Type                                    ^Green weight per cord Lbs.   |
|Loblolly Shortleaf:                     |:::                          |
|Texas to W. Louisiana                   |4700                         |
|Central Louisiana through the Southeast |5200                         |
|Longleaf-slash                          |5550                         |

A cord of pulpwood from the Midsouth contains more wood now than it did 15 years ago. 

===Volume of wood per cord of pulpwood in the Midsouth===
^Region        ^Year       ^All Species    ^Pine     ^Hardwood     |
^Cubic feet per standard cord                                  ^^^^|
|Midsouth      |1950       |--             |75       |78           |
|Midsouth(1)   |1965       |81             |81       |80           |
|East Gulf     |1964       |80             |80       |79           |
|West Gulf     |1965       |82             |82       |81           |

<sup>1</sup> East and West Gulf factors are combined in proportion to annual pulpwood production.

In a pile of wood made up of perfectly smooth cylinders of identical diameter, the solid-wood content
would be the same regardless of whether the diameter was large or small. But if diameters vary, the 
solid-wood content increases, because small sticks fill up some of the space between large ones. On
the other hand, anything that causes deviation from the cylindrical (crook or roughness, for example)
will lessen the solid wood content.

When average diameter of bolts in creases, both these causes of variation operate to raise the 
solid-wood content. This is because the range in diameters in a pile usually becomes greater as
average diameter of bolts in the pile increases, and also because large bolts tend to be less 
crooked and rough than small ones.
Service Forester's Handbook

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