https://handbook.sref.info/ 2026-05-08T11:43:35+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/ https://handbook.sref.info/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/images/favicon.ico text/html 2012-07-20T15:00:14+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=accomplishments_and_ecological_effects&rev=1342796414&do=diff Accomplishments & Ecological Effects of Site Preparation Site Preparation Practice Accomplishment Major ecological concerns Debris Competition Soil prep Micro environment text/html 2012-04-05T19:47:37+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=area_of_circles&rev=1333655257&do=diff Area of Circles & Surveying Corrections Area of Circles and Square Feet Equivalents Area in Acres Square Dimension Radius of Circle Feet Meters Feet Meters Chains 1 \ 1,000 6'7.2“ 2.1 3'8.7” text/html 2012-05-01T15:53:06+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=average_weights&rev=1335887586&do=diff Average Weights, Treated Long Leaf Yellow Pine Poles Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 20 ft. 710 564 467 394 330 284 234 202 16125 ft. 990 811 674 573 490 422 344 289 23530 ft. 1,279 text/html 2013-11-04T14:25:08+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=averaqe_value_per_tree&rev=1383575108&do=diff Averaqe Value Per Tree - At Various Prices Per Cord D.b.h. Average Price per Cord-Dollars Inches Volume 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 -Cords- Value per tree-Dollars 5 .02 .04 .08 .12 .16 .20 .24 text/html 2012-07-13T15:03:14+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=basal_area_and_plots_per_acre_table&rev=1342191794&do=diff Basal Area and Plots Per Acre Table Plots (trees) Plots (trees) DBH Basal Area Per AcreDBH Basal Area Per AcreInchesSq. Feet BAF = 10InchesSq. Feet BAF = 104 .087 114.94 18 1.767 5.66 5 .136 text/html 2013-10-11T19:55:54+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=basal_area_and_trees_per_acre_table_for_prism_sampling&rev=1381521354&do=diff Basal Area and Trees Per Acre Table for Prism Sampling Plots (trees) Plots (trees) DBH Basal Area Per AcreDBH Basal Area Per AcreInchesSq. Feet BAF = 10InchesSq. Feet BAF = 104 .087 114.94 18 1.767 text/html 2013-10-11T20:23:08+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=basal_area_table&rev=1381522988&do=diff Basal Area Table Basal area in square feet, Diameter in inches Diameter .01 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 Inches--------------------Area in square feet------------ text/html 2012-09-06T17:09:35+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=checklist_for_multiple_use_planning&rev=1346951375&do=diff Checklist for Multiple Use Planning Potentials for Service Forester Consideration Landowner Consideration Timber Production Recreation Wildlife Desires Site Quality Kinds Tract Size text/html 2012-05-01T17:38:22+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=comparison_of_log_rules&rev=1335893902&do=diff Comparison of Log Rules 16' Logs (From Forestry Handbook) Top DIB (Inches) Doyle Scribner International Cubic Ft. Formula (D-4)2xL79D22-2D-40.796D2-1.370-1.230(B+b)L/2 8 16 text/html 2012-07-13T18:12:51+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=comparison_of_site_indices&rev=1342203171&do=diff Comparison of Site Indices, Basal Area and Volume 50 years for 10 Southern Appalachian species on 3 sites (From Doolittle 1958). Species Site Index Basal Area per acre Volume per acre* Feet Sq. Ft. text/html 2013-10-16T17:18:51+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=compound_interest_factors&rev=1381943931&do=diff Compound Interest Factors Value of $1 (computed annually) at the end of a period of n years earning r% annual interest. 3% 6% 9% Years 12% 15% 18% Dollars Dollars text/html 2013-04-03T17:59:15+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=conversion_factors&rev=1365011955&do=diff Conversion Factors - Length, Area & Volume Please review the following table and consider the possible revisions: * Should this table be included in the upcoming revision? * Is this table correct/complete? * Should this table be added to or taken away from in any way? text/html 2012-05-01T17:18:34+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=conversion_factors_board_foot_cubic_volume&rev=1335892714&do=diff Conversion Factors - Board Foot & Cubic Volume Conversions Among Log Rules and Cubic Volumes for Southern Pine Sawtimber Dbh Cubic Feet to bd. ft. Doyle to Int to Scrib to Int to Doyle to Scrib to Doyle Scrib Int Int Doyle Int text/html 2012-09-14T14:06:31+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=coordination_of_burning&rev=1347631591&do=diff Coordination of Burning Purpose Time of Burn Size of Burn Type of fire text/html 2012-05-23T14:08:34+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=cubic_foot-board_foot-cord_equivalents&rev=1337782114&do=diff Cubic Foot-Board Foot-Cord Equivalents Approximate Equivalents of Forest Products Cubic Feet Board Feet Cords Cubic Meters (steres) 1 6 --- 0.0283 200 1,000 2 7.25 90 500 text/html 2013-03-25T15:52:33+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=cubic_foot_board_foot_volume&rev=1364226753&do=diff Size, Cubic Volume and Board Foot Volume in Pine Poles Class and Min Circum. Length (Feet) Vol. (Cu.Feet) Average Volume, Board feet Average Volume,Board Feet Min. Circum. and Diam. and Equiv. Diameter (In.) Int'l. rule 1/4“ Scribner Rule text/html 2012-07-13T17:46:38+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_eastern_redcedar&rev=1342201598&do=diff Site Index Curves Eastern Redcedar text/html 2012-07-13T17:26:59+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_eastern_white_pine&rev=1342200419&do=diff Site Index Curves Eastern White Pine Polymorphic site index curves for natural stands of eastern white pine in the Southern Appalachians. text/html 2013-04-02T17:41:39+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_eastern_white_pine_app&rev=1364924499&do=diff Site Index Curves Eastern White Pine - Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia Eastern white pine (Beck 1971a, 1971b) Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia 42 plots having 3 dominant and codominant trees on each plot text/html 2013-04-02T17:43:59+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_eastern_white_pine_sapp&rev=1364924639&do=diff Site Index Curves Eastern White Pine - Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia Eastern white pine plantations (Vimmerstedt 1959, 1962) Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia text/html 2016-06-28T21:14:44+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_hickories&rev=1467148484&do=diff Site Index Curves Hickories - Central States, Cumberland Mountains of Kentucky text/html 2013-04-02T17:56:23+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine&rev=1364925383&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Southern US Loblolly pine (USDA 1929) Southern States 146 plots, number of dominants not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, equation not given Convert d.b.h, age to total age by adding years according to site text/html 2013-02-05T15:37:29+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_25&rev=1360078649&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine 25 Year Basis --Site index curves for loblolly pine at index age 25 years in the coastal plain of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. (These curves are based stem analysis of 40 dominant trees in the middle and lower Coastal Plain.) text/html 2013-02-05T15:36:04+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_50&rev=1360078564&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine 50 Year Basis Height-growth classification for second-growth loblolly pine. Reproduced from USDA Forest Service Mis. Publication No. 50. text/html 2013-04-02T18:40:04+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_cp&rev=1364928004&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Coastal Plain throughout most of natural range Loblolly pine plantations -- Coastal Plain (Amateis and Burkhart 1985) Coastal Plain throughout most of natural range 105 plots, cutover and site prepared land, 1 dominant and text/html 2013-04-02T17:58:27+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_cpmaal&rev=1364925507&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Coastal Plain from Chesapeake Bay, Maryland to Mobile Bay, Alabama Loblolly pine (Schumacher and Coile 1960, Coile and Schumacher 1964) Coastal Plain from Chesapeake Bay, Maryland to Mobile Bay, Alabama 420 plots having 8 dominant and codominant trees on each plot text/html 2013-04-02T18:41:37+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_cpncsc&rev=1364928097&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Coastal Plains of North and South Carolina (all except very poorly drained soils) Loblolly pine plantations -- welldrained (Pienaar and Shiver 1980) Coastal plains of North and South Carolina_all except very poorly drained soils text/html 2013-04-02T18:43:25+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_cpncsc2&rev=1364928205&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Coastal Plains of North and South Carolina (poorly drained soils in pocosins) Loblolly pine plantations -- poorly drained (Pienaar and Shiver 1980) Coastal Plains of North and South Carolina_very poorly drained soils in pocosins text/html 2013-04-02T18:01:01+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_cpvancsc&rev=1364925661&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Coastal Plain of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina Loblolly pine (Trousdell, Beck, and Lloyd 1974) Coastal Plain of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina 22 plots having 2 dominant and codominant trees on each plot text/html 2013-04-02T18:36:18+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_ga&rev=1364927778&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Georgia Piedmont Loblolly pine plantations (Clutter and Lenhart 1968) Georgia Piedmont 141 dominant and codominant trees, number of plots not given Stem analysis, polymorphic, nonlinear regression Site index is total height at 25 years plantation age text/html 2013-04-02T18:04:00+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_laar&rev=1364925840&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - North Louisiana and Southern Arkansas Loblolly pine(Zahner 1962) North Louisiana and southern Arkansas 211 plots on poorly aerated soils, number of dominant and codominant trees not given, additional site index curves given text/html 2013-04-02T18:38:00+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_piedmont&rev=1364927880&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Piedmont Throughout Most of Natural Range Loblolly pine plantations -- Piedmont (Amateis and Burkhart 1985) Piedmont throughout most of natural range 68 plots, cutover and site prepared land, 1 dominant and 1 text/html 2013-04-02T18:34:40+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_sc&rev=1364927680&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - South Carolina Piedmont Loblolly pine plantations (Shipman 1960) South Carolina Piedmont 220 plantations,number of dominanttrees not given Total height and plantation age, anamorphic, logarithm equation Site index is total height at 25 years plantation age text/html 2013-04-02T18:45:21+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_tnalga&rev=1364928321&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Central Tennessee, Northern Alabama, and Northwest Georgia Lobblly pine plantations (Smalley and Bower 1971) Central Tennessee, Northern Alabama, and Northwest Georgia 270 plantations, number of dominant and codominant trees not given text/html 2013-04-02T18:46:55+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_txlaar&rev=1364928415&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Interior West Guff Coastal Plain of Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas Loblolly pine plantations (Lenhart 1971 ) Interior West Guff Coastal Plain of Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas 699 plots, number of dominant and codominant trees not given text/html 2013-04-02T18:49:04+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_loblolly_pine_txlaaral&rev=1364928544&do=diff Site Index Curves Loblolly Pine - Lower West Gulf Coastal Plain of eastern Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Alabama Loblolly pine plantations (Popham et al. 1979) Lower West Gulf Coastal Plain of eastern Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Alabama text/html 2013-04-02T15:04:49+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_longleaf_pine&rev=1364915089&do=diff Site Index Curves Longleaf Pine - Southern US Longleaf pine (USDA 1929) Southern States 244 plots, number of dominant trees not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, equation not given Convert d.b.h, age to total age by adding years according to site text/html 2013-04-02T17:36:33+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_longleaf_pine_acp&rev=1364924193&do=diff Site Index Curves Longleaf Pine - Atlantic Coastal Plain Longleaf pine (Schumacher and Coile 1960) Atlantic Coastal Plain 368 plots having 8 dominant and codominant trees on each plot Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation text/html 2013-04-02T17:38:29+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_longleaf_pine_cpflgaalmi&rev=1364924309&do=diff Site Index Curves Longleaf Pine - Coastal Plain of Northwest Florida, Southwest Georgia, South and Central Alabama, and South Mississippi Longleaf pine (Farrar 1981) Coastal plain of Northwest Florida, Southwest Georgia, South and Central Alabama, and South Mississippi text/html 2016-06-28T21:20:31+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_northern_red_oak&rev=1467148831&do=diff Site Index Curves Northern Red Oak - Southwestern Wisconsin text/html 2013-02-05T16:03:13+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_pond_pine&rev=1360080193&do=diff Site Index Curves Pond Pine Reproduced from “Growth and Yields of Natural Stands of the Southern Pines”(1960) by F. X. Schumacher and T.S. Colie, by permission of the publisher T.S. Coile, Inc., Durham, North Carolina. text/html 2012-07-13T17:24:41+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_sand_pine&rev=1342200281&do=diff Site Index Curves Sand Pine Sand Pine: Height of Dominant Stand Reproduced from “Growth and Yields of Natural Stands of the Southern Pines” (1960) by F.X. Schumacher and T.S. Coile, Inc. Durham, North Carolina. text/html 2013-04-02T14:05:43+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_sand_pine_fl&rev=1364911543&do=diff Site Index Curves Sand Pine - Florida Sand pine (Schumacher and Coile 1970) Florida--Ocala National Forest 54 plots having 8 dominant and codominant trees on each plot Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation Add 5 years to d.b.h, age to obtain total age (BH = 0.0) text/html 2014-04-21T15:58:32+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_shortleaf_pine&rev=1398095912&do=diff Site Index Curves Shortleaf Pine - Southeastern and Southern US Shortleaf pine (Schumacher and Coile 1960,Coile and Schumacher 1964) Southeastern and southern States 231 plots having 8 dominant and codominant trees on each plot Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation text/html 2013-04-02T14:11:26+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_shortleaf_pine_arok&rev=1364911886&do=diff Site Index Curves Shortleaf Pine - Ouachita Mountains of West-Central Arkansas and Southeastern Oklahoma Shortleaf pine (Graney and Burkhart 1973) Ouachita Mountains of west-central Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma 216 plots having 2 dominant and codominant trees on each plot text/html 2013-04-02T14:10:02+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_shortleaf_pine_mo&rev=1364911802&do=diff Site Index Curves Shortleaf Pine - Southeastern Missouri Shortleaf pine (Nash 1963) Southeastern Missouri---three areas averaged 309 plots having 7 dominant and codominant trees on each plot Total height and total age, anamorphic, equation not given text/html 2013-04-02T14:09:28+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_shortleaf_pine_nc&rev=1364911768&do=diff Site Index Curves Shortleaf Pine - North Carolina Piedmont Shortleaf pine (Schumacher and Coile 1960) North Carolina Piedmont 74 plots having 8 dominant and codominant trees on each plot Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation text/html 2013-04-02T14:13:33+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_shortleaf_pine_tealga&rev=1364912013&do=diff Site Index Curves Shortleaf Pine - Central Tennessee, Northern Alabama, and Northwest Georgia Shortleaf pine plantations (Smalleyand Bower 1971) Central Tennessee, Northern Alabama, and Northwest Georgia 104 plantations,numberof dominant trees not given text/html 2012-07-13T17:44:44+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_site_index_comparison_graph&rev=1342201484&do=diff Site Index Curves Site Index Comparison Graph A site index comparison graph for 10 species on the same land in the Southern Appalachians. (Doolittle 1958) text/html 2013-04-02T14:18:37+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine&rev=1364912317&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - Southern US Slash pine (USDA 1929) Southern States 124 plots, number of dominant trees not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, equation not given Convert d.b.h, age to total age by adding years according to site text/html 2013-02-05T15:47:39+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_25&rev=1360079259&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine 25 Year Basis --Site index curves for slash pin in the west gulf. text/html 2013-02-05T15:45:27+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_50&rev=1360079127&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine 50 Year Basis Height-growth classification for second-growth slash pine. Reproduced from USDA Forest Service Misc. Publication No. 50. text/html 2013-04-02T14:23:42+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_fl&rev=1364912622&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - Florida Slash pine (Langdon 1959) Florida 90 permanent growth study plots, number of dominant and codominant trees not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation Site index is total height at 25 years total age text/html 2013-04-02T14:54:18+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_fl2&rev=1364914458&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - Florida Slash pine plantations (Barnes 1955) Florida 328 plots, number of dominant trees not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, equation not given Site index is total height at 25 years total age text/html 2013-04-02T14:52:26+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_flga&rev=1364914346&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - Florida and Southern Georgia Slash pine (Bennett 1970) Florida and southern Georgia 176 permanent growth study plots, number of dominanat and codominant trees not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation text/html 2013-04-02T14:57:47+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_gaca&rev=1364914667&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - Georgia Middle Coastal Plain and Carolina Sandhills Slash pine plantations (Bennett, McGee, and Clutter 1959; McGee and Bennett 1959) Georgia middle coastal plain and Carolina sandhills 310 plots, number of dominant and codominant trees not given text/html 2013-04-02T15:02:20+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_la&rev=1364914940&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - Louisiana Slash pine direct-seeded (Lohrey 1987) Louisiana 218 plots in cutover forest sites that were site prepared and direct seeded; remeasurements from most plots Total height and age from seed from 10 or more dominant and text/html 2013-04-02T14:26:19+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_se&rev=1364912779&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - Southeastern and Southern US Slash pine (Schumacher and Coile 1960,Coile and Schumacher 1964) Southeastern and southern States 231 plots having 8 dominant and codominant trees on each plot Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation text/html 2012-07-13T17:13:54+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_si&rev=1342199634&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine S.I. of 50 Site Quality 25 Comparison of Site Index Curves for Second Growth Slash Pine with Site Quality Curves for Slash Pine Plantation in Florida. text/html 2013-04-02T15:00:29+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_slash_pine_wgulf&rev=1364914829&do=diff Site Index Curves Slash Pine - West Gulf Slash pine plantations (Zarnoch and Feduccia 1984) West Gulf 247 plots, some plots remeasured, plantations mostly outside natural range of slash pine Total height and plantation age, anamorphic, nonlinear regression text/html 2016-06-28T21:22:00+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_sweet_gum&rev=1467148920&do=diff Site Index Curves Sweet Gum - Mississippi Valley alluvium plus a few locations on alluvial soils of South Carolina, Alabama, and northern Florida text/html 2016-06-28T21:19:05+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_upland_oak&rev=1467148745&do=diff Site Index Curves Upland Oak - Virginia-Carolina Piedmont and northern Appalachian Mountains text/html 2012-07-13T17:22:00+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_virginia_pine&rev=1342200120&do=diff Site Index Curves Virginia Pine Site curves at an index age o f50 years for natural stands of Virginia pine in Maryland and the Piedmont of Virginia and the Carolinas. (Basis: 166 plots) From: Research note no. 135, S.E. Forest Experiment Station, Nov. 1959 text/html 2013-04-02T17:50:45+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_virginia_pine_mdvancsc&rev=1364925045&do=diff Site Index Curves Virginia Pine - Piedmont of Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas Virginia pine (Chaikenand Nelson 1959; Nelson, Clutter, and Chaiken 1961) Piedmont of Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas 166 plots, number of dominant and codominant trees not given text/html 2013-04-02T17:50:43+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_virginia_pine_nc&rev=1364925043&do=diff Site Index Curves Virginia Pine - Piedmont of Durham County, North Carolina Virginia pine (Slocum and Miller 1953) Piedmont of Durham County, North Carolina 116 plots, number of dominant and codominant trees not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, equation not given text/html 2013-04-02T17:53:02+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_virginia_pine_wvmdpa&rev=1364925182&do=diff Site Index Curves Virginia Pine - West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania Virginia pine (Kulow, Sowers, and Heesch 1966) West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania 922 dominant and codominant trees, number of plots not given Total height and total age, anamorphic, logarithm equation text/html 2016-06-28T21:19:54+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_white_oak&rev=1467148794&do=diff Site Index Curves White Oak - Unglaciated uplands of southeastern Ohio, eastern Kentucky, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and southern Missouri text/html 2016-06-28T21:18:19+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=curves_yellow_poplar&rev=1467148699&do=diff Site Index Curves Yellow Poplar - Piedmont of Carolinas and Virginia text/html 2012-08-17T13:28:24+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=dichotomous_key_for_field_identification&rev=1345210104&do=diff Dichotomous Key for Field Identification of Soil Texture A. Soil when pinched between the thumb and finger, crumbles, will form no 'ribbon.' B. Soil squeezed in hand when dry, falls apart readily: squeezed when moist, forms a cast that breaks if not handled carefully. Individual sand grains can be readily seen and felt....Sandy Loam B. Soil, squeezed in hand when dry, forms cast that bears careful handling; squeezed when moist, forms a cast that can be handled quite freely without breaking… text/html 2012-09-06T16:53:04+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=dilution_of_pesticides&rev=1346950384&do=diff Dilution of Pesticides Percent Dilution P/M Grams/Liter 1.0 1:100 10,000 10.0 0.1 1:1,000 1,000 1.0 0.01 1:10,000 100 0.1 0.001 1:100,000 10 text/html 2012-09-06T16:25:29+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=dilution_table_for_spray&rev=1346948729&do=diff Dilution Table for Spray and Dust Mixtures Pesticide Formulation Amount of formulation needed per acre to obtain the following amounts of chemical per acre text/html 2013-03-27T16:08:38+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=dollar_values_for_various_measurement_units&rev=1364400518&do=diff Dollar Values for Various Measurement Units Dollar Values of Merchantable Wood for Different Measurement Units Compared to Standard Cord (128 cu.ft.) Measurement Values per cord Unit text/html 2012-06-07T18:28:50+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=dollars_per_cord_to_cents_per_hundred_pounds&rev=1339093730&do=diff Dollars Per Cord to Cents Per Hundred Pounds Hardwood Dollars Pine 128' Cord160' Cord180' CordPer Unit 128' Cord160' Unit180' Unit5400 lbs.6750 lbs.7600 lbs.$ 5300 lbs.6625 lbs.7450 lbs.1.9¢100# 1.5 text/html 2012-08-17T20:47:35+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=effects_of_soil_reaction&rev=1345236455&do=diff Effects of Soil Reaction on Plant Nutrient Availability text/html 2012-08-30T15:57:27+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=erosion_control_limits&rev=1346342247&do=diff Erosion Control Limits To maintain or improve soil productivity, erosion must be kept within acceptable limits.† Percent Slope Minimum Percent Ground Cover Needed0 0 5 text/html 2013-03-28T17:12:32+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=firewood_weight_volume_relationship&rev=1364490752&do=diff Firewood Weight/Volume Relationship Heat value of Dry Wood The heat value of wood per unit of weight is about the same for all species: 8,600 Btu per pound, ovendry weight. Exceptions to this rule are very resious species, which have slightly higher values. The heat value of hardwood bark is slightly lower than that of wood, while the energy content of pine bark is slightly higher. text/html 2012-07-19T19:33:42+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=geographic_seed_source&rev=1342726422&do=diff Geographic Seed Source Species For Planting Use Seed From Loblolly Louisiana west of the Mississippi; southern Arkansas; Eastern Texas; and southeastern OklahomaSouthern Texas Southeastern Louisiana; southern two-thirds of Alabama and Georgia, Southern two-thirds of Mississippi, and northwestern Florida text/html 2013-11-04T14:21:00+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=growth_calculation_projection&rev=1383574860&do=diff Growth Calculation & Projection Use the following method to determine the growth percent using basal area. This method can also be used to project basal area, diameters, and volume. Procedure: Use a prism, bark gauge and a diameter tape to obtain growth information from a representative sample of trees (preferably all the trees within prism range at pre-selected points; for examle, every fifth point). text/html 2012-09-07T14:26:42+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=guides_for_wildlife_habitat_management&rev=1347028002&do=diff Guides for Wildlife Habitat Management Habitat Needs Gray Squirrel Hardwoods are a must for gray squirrels. They require partial hardwood stands of trees old enough (25 years) to produce mast and provide dens (40 years). The squirrels home range is 2-8 acres. Reproduction is 2 1/2 times more successful in tree cavities than nests. Den entrance holes are usually 2 1/2-3 inches in diameter and den cavities 14 inches in depth. They should be waterproof and 15 feet or more above ground level. A… text/html 2012-06-06T19:01:18+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=hardwood_log_grades&rev=1339009278&do=diff Hardwood Log Grades for Standard Lumber Grading of logs is not so difficult as it appears although it does require great care to make sure that no hidden defects are overlooked. After acquiring experience, the grading of the log may be made while the volume is calculated. Even in the logs where the grading cannot be made immediately, it is often necessary to design the different cuttings. Usually measurements taken to determine whether the log will produce the minimum size required per cut,… text/html 2012-08-29T20:40:14+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=hardwood_soil_suitability_table&rev=1346272814&do=diff Hardwood Soil Suitability Table Species Best Suited Least Suited Limiting Factors Cottonwood Alder, Catalpa, Collins, Commerce, Coushatta, Falaya, Kaufman, Latanier, Marietta, Morganfield text/html 2012-07-20T15:16:06+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=hardwood_stocking_charts&rev=1342797366&do=diff Hardwood Stocking Charts Relation of basal area, number of trees, and average tree diameter to stocking percent for upland central hardwoods. Tree-diameter range 7-15 (left), 3-7 (right). The area between curves A and B indicates the range of stocking where trees can fully utilize the site. Curve C shows the lower limit of stocking necessary to reach the B level in 10 years on average sites. (Average tree diameter is the diameter of the tree of average basal area.) text/html 2013-03-28T16:49:06+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=herbicide_or_pesticide_mixing_formulas&rev=1364489346&do=diff Herbicide or Pesticide Mixing Formulas The following formulas may be helpful when mixing herbicides or pesticides: 1. The percent of active ingredient in a spray mixture: 2. The pounds of wettable powder needed to mix a spray containing a given percentage of active ingredient: text/html 2012-07-13T18:20:48+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=loblolly_pine_stocking_chart&rev=1342203648&do=diff Loblolly Pine Stocking Chart Text in image: Loblolly Pine Stocking Chart, Westvaco Corporation, Summerville, S.C., 1970 For application throughout lands where Loblolly pine is grown. text/html 2012-04-30T20:26:32+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=loblolly_plantation_average_annual_growth&rev=1335817592&do=diff Loblolly Plantation Average Annual Growth Loblolly Plantation Average Annual Growth Per Acre Age Site Index in Feet 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Average Annual Growth Std. Cds. 15 0.97 1.11 1.27 1.45 1.66 1.90 2.18 text/html 2012-04-23T14:06:14+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=log_volume_tables&rev=1335189974&do=diff Log Volume Tables Scale of 16-Foot Logs to Nearest Board Foot Scribner Rule (1) (Diameter inside bark) (Tenths of Inches) D.I.B (Inches) .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 6--------- 12 13 14 15 16 16 text/html 2012-08-30T15:20:51+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=management_interpretations_for_soil_land_forms&rev=1346340051&do=diff Management Interpretations for Soil/Land Forms Physiographic Regions Wet Moist Dry Aeration Nutrients Competition Productivity Accessibility Coastal Plain Soils Swamps text/html 2012-08-30T17:38:31+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=management_practices_to_reduce_id_damage&rev=1346348311&do=diff Management Practices to Reduce I & D Damage I. A. Annosus root rot of pines 1. Is most likely to kill trees in sandy or sandy loam soils __12" or more in depth.__ Trees infected, but not killed, may be weakened sufficiently to attract bark beetle and/or suffer excess windthrow. Prevent infection by: (a) Sprinkling a light coat of granular __borax__ on the freshly-cut stumps following a partial cut. (b) Int he deep South, scheduling cutting operations from May through September… text/html 2012-04-05T20:27:08+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=metric_equivalents&rev=1333657628&do=diff Length cm 0.3937 inches inch 2.5400 cm meter 3.2808 feet foot 0.3048 m meter 1.0936 yards yard 0.9144 m km 0.6214 miles mile 1.6093 km Area cm2 0.1550 sq. inches sq. inch 6.4516 cm2 m2 10.7639 sq. feet sq. foot text/html 2013-04-09T20:23:53+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=old_toc&rev=1365539033&do=diff Table of Contents (original) * Conversion Factors * Area of Circles & Surveying Corrections * Metric Equivalents * Tree Per Acre by Spacing * Seed Tree Spacing * Specific Gravity by Species * Trees Per Acre by Diameter and Basal Area * Tree Diameter In Relation To Stump Diameter * Tree Volume Tables * Log Volume Tables * Tree Cordwood Volume Tables * Trees Per Rough Cord * Tree Cubic Foot Volume Tables (Southern Pine) * Planted Loblolly Volume Tables (Per Acre) * L… text/html 2012-04-30T20:18:20+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=planted_loblolly_volume_tables&rev=1335817100&do=diff Planted Loblolly Volume Tables (Per Acre) Age Site Index 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Yield in STD. CDS. 15 15 17 19 22 25 29 33 16 16 19 21 24 28 32 37 17 18 21 24 27 31 36 41 18 20 23 26 30 34 39 45 19 21 25 28 32 37 42 48 text/html 2012-07-13T15:18:13+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=plot_radius_limits&rev=1342192693&do=diff Plot Radius Limits The plot radius factor (PRF) for prism with basal area factor 10 is 2.75. For your own prism (other than BAF-10) calculate PRF and fill in blank column below. Use for trees of any size to determine if tree is in or out of plot. Select from table for desired DBH and sum up to get limit in feet. MOVE the decimal as needed. text/html 2012-05-23T19:42:07+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=pole_specifications&rev=1337802127&do=diff Pole Specifications (Southern Pine) Minimum diameter at breast height (outside bark)1 of trees to meet American National Standard specification for various classes of southern pine poles. Pole Length (Feet) Dist. Butt to ground line Pole Class text/html 2012-06-06T19:15:45+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=quick_cruise_board_foot&rev=1339010145&do=diff Quick Cruise Computers Board Foot Int. 1/4 text/html 2012-06-06T19:03:03+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=quick_cruise_computers&rev=1339009383&do=diff Quick Cruise Computers NA-S a PF Forest Service USDA text/html 2012-06-06T19:16:21+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=quick_cruise_cords&rev=1339010181&do=diff Quick Cruise Computers Cords text/html 2012-06-06T19:16:45+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=quick_cruise_weight&rev=1339010205&do=diff Quick Cruise Computers Weight text/html 2013-03-11T17:42:05+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=reorganized&rev=1363023725&do=diff Table of Contents (reorganized) * General Measurements * Conversion Factors * Area of Circles & Surveying Corrections * Metric Equivalents * Tree Measurements * Specific Gravity by Species * Tree Diameter In Relation To Stump Diameter * Stand Measurements * Tree Per Acre by Spacing * Seed Tree Spacing * Trees Per Acre by Diameter and Basal Area * Volume Measurements * Tree Volume Tables * Log Volume Tables * Tree Cordwood Volume Tables * Trees … text/html 2012-08-30T18:03:43+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=resistance_of_species_to_hurricane_damage&rev=1346349823&do=diff Resistance of Species to Hurricane Damage (In decreasing order of Resistance) Breakage Uprooting Salt Deterioration by insects and diseaseLive Oak Live Oak Live Oak Live Oak text/html 2012-11-19T18:57:45+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=seed_tree_spacing&rev=1353351465&do=diff Seed Tree Spacing Spacing Between Trees Seed Trees Spacing Between Trees Acre Hectare Chains Feet Meters 4 10 1.58 104 31 5 12 1.41 93 28 6 15 1.29 85 26 7 17 1.20 text/html 2012-07-19T19:49:57+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=shortleaf_loblolly_thinning_guides&rev=1342727397&do=diff Shortleaf/Loblolly Thinning Guides Shortleaf Pine Thinning Guide - Trees 4" D.B.H. & Over Leave Basal Area (Sq.ft.) for Site Index Age 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 58 70 80 25 55 69 82 88 91 30 55 72 85 92 93 95 35 text/html 2013-03-28T16:41:37+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=silvicultural_considerations&rev=1364488897&do=diff Silvicultural Considerations for Southern Pine Beetle Control Timely and properly applied silviculture is the most effective and economical control available for southern pine beetle. This fact should be considered in all forest management prescriptions and decisions. Knowing which stands are the most likely candidates (or at least likely) for SPB attack is important. Several geographically specific stand hazard rating systems for SPB have been developed. Check with your State Forester for one… text/html 2012-08-16T18:41:30+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=site_guide_for_coastal_plain&rev=1345142490&do=diff Site Guide for Coastal Plain Landscape Characteristics Management Type Landform Moisture Regime Soil Texture Preferred Suitable Flood Plains, Stream Terraces, And Alluvial Fans Wet Fine Hardwoods, Ash, Gum, W/W Oaks, Cypress -- Moist Fine to Medium text/html 2012-08-16T18:42:57+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=site_guide_for_mountains&rev=1345142577&do=diff Site Guide for Mountains Landscape Characters Management Type Landform Moisture Regime Texture Preferred Suitable Coves, Alluvial fans, Stream Terraces, Flood Plains text/html 2012-08-16T18:43:44+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=site_guide_for_piedmont&rev=1345142624&do=diff Site Guide for Piedmont and Cumberland Plateau Landscape Characteristics Management Type Landform Moisture Regime Texture Preferred Flood Plains, Steam Terraces, Fans, Coves Wet Fine Sweetgum, W/W†, Oak/Ash text/html 2012-04-05T19:07:59+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=site_index_curves&rev=1333652879&do=diff Site Index Curves text/html 2012-08-30T16:08:21+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=soil_site_index_table&rev=1346342901&do=diff Soil Site Index Table Subsoil Species Depth to Subsoil in Inches 2 4 6 8 10 12 18 Site Index Very Friable LLP 57 79 82 86 88 89 91 SLP 51 62 66 68 69 text/html 2012-08-30T15:52:38+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=soil_site_relations_for_black_oak&rev=1346341958&do=diff Soil/Site Relations for Black Oak Slope Position and Percent of Distance from Ridge to Bottom Slope Shape Aspect† Convex Linear Concave Upper Slopes and Ridges (0 to 25) text/html 2012-08-16T16:48:38+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=species_marking_guide&rev=1345135718&do=diff Species Marking Guide for Bottomland Hardwoods Always Favor Desirable Less Desirable Always Cut Ash *Willow Oak American Elm (Ordinary) Bitter pecan Sweetgum text/html 2012-11-19T18:59:18+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=specific_gravity_by_species&rev=1353351558&do=diff Specific Gravity by Species Specific Gravity Pine Species Mean Age (years) Mean d.b.h. (inches) Range Mean Loblolly 47 14.8 .38 to .68 .51 Longleaf text/html 2012-07-13T16:15:43+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=statistics_for_prescription&rev=1342196143&do=diff Statistics for Prescription Statistics are numerical data about a subject or a name applied to analysis of the reliability of statistical information by sampling. The person who analyzes the forest land statistics commonly needs only 6 items - Mean, Standard Deviation, Standard Error, Limit of Error, Coefficient of Variation, and Number of Plots to Sample a Stand to a Desired Accuracy. text/html 2016-06-28T20:54:15+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=table_of_contents&rev=1467147255&do=diff Table of Contents (reorganized) * General Measurements * Conversion Factors * Area of Circles & Surveying Corrections * Metric Equivalents * Tree Measurements * Specific Gravity by Species * Tree Diameter In Relation To Stump Diameter * Stand Measurements * Tree Per Acre by Spacing * Seed Tree Spacing * Trees Per Acre by Diameter and Basal Area * Volume Measurements * Tree Volume Tables * Log Volume Tables * Tree Cordwood Volume Tables * Trees … text/html 2012-08-17T20:46:57+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=texture_classification_of_soils&rev=1345236417&do=diff Texture Classification of Soils Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles which make up the soil mass. Figure 6 shows the percentages these soil fractions in the basic textural grades; definitions and discussion of this subject may be found in the Soil Survey Manual (Agriculture Handbook 18, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 503 pp., 1951). text/html 2012-04-23T20:30:59+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=tree_cordwood_volume_tables&rev=1335213059&do=diff Tree Cordwood Volume Tables Merchantable Rough Cord Volume Using Total Tree Height (Form classes 65-69) Diameter Brest High (inches) Total Tree Height (Feet) 30 40 50 60 70 text/html 2012-04-30T20:04:54+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=tree_cubic_foot_volume_tables&rev=1335816294&do=diff Tree Cubic Foot Volume Tables (Southern Pine) Cubic foot volume, including bark, for stands of southern pine that are above average form(1) Merchantable length of stem in feet Form point Dbh 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 Mid Diameter text/html 2012-04-18T13:32:04+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=tree_diameter&rev=1334755924&do=diff Tree Diameter In Relation to Stump Diameter Tree diameter outside bark at 4.5 feet above ground in relation to stump diameter at various heights Stump diameter (inches) Yellow Pine Species Hardwood Species Stump height(inches) text/html 2012-07-13T18:51:40+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=tree_planting_guides&rev=1342205500&do=diff Tree Planting Guides What Trees to Plant Where The first decision to make is what species to plant. This will depend to some extent upon what product the landowner wants to grow but, more importantly, it will depend upon the soil and location of the planting site. Remember, the biggest mistake made in tree planting to date is planting the wrong species. See the chart for general guidelines. text/html 2012-04-23T12:07:34+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=tree_volume_tables&rev=1335182854&do=diff Tree Volume Tables Scribner Log Rule, Form Class 78 Gross Tree Volume Volume (Board Feet) By Number of Usable 16-Foot Logs DBH (inches) 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5 10---------- 28 36 44 48 52 -- -- -- -- text/html 2012-04-05T17:29:41+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=trees_per_acre_by_diameter&rev=1333646981&do=diff Trees Per Acre By Diameter at Breast Height and Basal Area Basal Area (Square Feet) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 DB (Inches) Trees Per Acre 5 text/html 2012-04-06T14:43:33+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=trees_per_acre_by_spacing&rev=1333723413&do=diff Trees Per Acre by Spacing Spacing Trees Spacing Trees Feet Meters Acre Ha. Feet Meters Acre Ha. 5 x 5 1.5 x 1.5 1,742 4,304 5 x 6 1.5 x 1.8 1,452 3,588 text/html 2012-04-23T20:56:36+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=trees_per_rough_cord&rev=1335214596&do=diff Trees Per Rough Cord Trees Per Rough Cord Using Merchantable Stem Length Form Classes 70-74 F.C.72 Diameter Brest High Merchantable Length of Stem (Feet) (inches) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 text/html 2012-07-12T19:44:29+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=use_of_wedge_prism&rev=1342122269&do=diff Use of Wedge Prism The prism is a piece of a wedge-shaped rectangular glass which causes a distortion of light, displacing the image towards the thinner edge. It is used to estimate the basal area of a stand. Basal Area 1. Hold prism (not your eye) over the selected point at a comfortable distance from the eye, with the long side horizontal. Hold prism with right hand by lower part of the thicker edge. 2. With one eye closed, point with the upper part of the prism so as to divide the … text/html 2012-08-16T17:11:06+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=value_and_tolerance_to_competition&rev=1345137066&do=diff Value & Tolerance to Competition of Bottomland Hardwoods Very Intolerant Intolerant Intermediate Tolerant Very Tolerant Highest Value Cottonwood text/html 2012-08-16T17:27:17+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=value_and_tolerance_to_saturated_soil&rev=1345138037&do=diff Value & Tolerance to Saturated Soil of Bottomland Hardwoods Very Intolerant Intolerant Intermediate Tolerant Very Tolerant Highest Value text/html 2012-05-23T18:12:38+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=volume_conversion_factors&rev=1337796758&do=diff Volume Conversion Factors (Int. 1/4 and Standard Cords) Int. 1/4" Rule (BAF-20) Form Class 79 Ave. Number Logs per Average Tree DBH 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 8 573 515 458 401 -- -- text/html 2012-05-23T15:51:15+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=volume_per_sq_ft_of_ba&rev=1337788275&do=diff Volume Per Sq. Ft. of B.A. (Int. 1/4 and Standard Cords) Int. 1/4 Inch (Prism BAF-10) Form Class 79 Ave. Number Logs per Average Tree DBH 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 8 57 77 92 109 text/html 2012-04-05T19:22:10+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=watershed_management&rev=1333653730&do=diff Watershed Management text/html 2012-08-30T16:21:20+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=watershed_management_distances&rev=1346343680&do=diff Watershed Management Distances Between Water Bars Road Grade % Distance Road Grade % Distance2 250' 20 45' 5 135' 25 40' 10 80' 30 35' 15 60' text/html 2012-08-30T16:13:01+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=watershed_management_factors&rev=1346343181&do=diff Watershed Management Factors 1 acre-foot = 43,560 cu.ft. = 325,825 gals. 1 cu. ft. = 7.48 gals = 62.427 lbs. 1 U.S. Gallon = 0.1337 cu. ft. = 8.330 lbs. 1-1/2 cu. ft./sec. = approx. 1,000,000 gals/day. Average rainfall for U.S. = 30“/year. Evapo-transpiration is approx 2/3 annual rainfall. text/html 2012-08-30T16:16:45+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=watershed_management_recommendations&rev=1346343405&do=diff Watershed Management Recommendations for Roads and Skid Trails 1. Keep grades below 10% (20% for short distances). 2. Grades of 3 to 5% are desirable. 3. Avoid locating on 60% or greater slopes. 4. Avoid rock out-cropping and swampy places. 5. Stay out of stream beds (see filter strip table). text/html 2012-08-30T16:51:54+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=watershed_management_stream_crossing_structures&rev=1346345514&do=diff Watershed Management Stream Crossing Structures Size Required Culvert Dia (in) Area(ft2) Area Above Crossing Acres 18 1.76 7 or less 21 2.40 12 text/html 2012-05-23T14:42:18+00:00 https://handbook.sref.info/doku.php?id=weight_volume_relationships&rev=1337784138&do=diff Weight - Volume Relationships (1) Volume/Weight Relationship for Loblolly Sawlogs Log Scaling Diam. Inches Weight/MBF International 1/4“ Rule 6 13,040 7 12,220